1) Load forecasting method are
a. Extrapolation
b. Correlation
c. Combination of a and b
d. All of the above
a. Curve fitting to present data
b. Extrapolation of past data
c. Extrapolation of present data
d.Curve fitting to previous data available
i. Straight line A.α+βσ+γσ2+η3
ii. Parabolic B.α+βσ+γσ2
iii. S-curve C. α+βσ
iv. exponential D.γΕσ
v. Gempertz E. ln-1
a. i-A, ii-B, iii-C, iv-D, v-E
b. i-C, ii-B, iii-A, iv-D, v-E
c. i-A, ii-B, iii-D, iv-C, v-E
d. i-D, ii-B, iii-A, iv-C, v-E
4) Which of the following method is generally adapted for curve fitting
a. Weighted least square
b. Extrapolation least square
c. Least square
d. None of above
5) Which of the following techniques is the basic for extrapolation?
a. Square extrapolation
b. Parabolic extrapolation
c. Exponential extrapolation
d. None of the above
6) The correlation technique relates system load to
a. Various demographic factors
b. Economic factors
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above
7) What is the disadvantage of correlation methods?
a. Required more past data for analysis
b. Required more data space
c. Less accuracy
d. Load forecasting for demographic and economic factors is difficult
8) Which of the following is the simplest form of stochastic time series model?
a. Generalize load modelling
b. Estimation of periodic components
c. Time Estimation
d. Auto-regressive model
9) Kalman filtering algorithm is widely used for
a. Short term or very short term load forecasting
b. Long term load forecasting
c. Medium load forecasting
d. Very long term load forecasting
10) Limitation of Kalman and prediction techniques
a. Required large time to estimate
b. Depends on availability of required state variable model of the
load data which is not available at starting
c. Require more space to data storage
d. All of above
11) Which of the following approaches is utilized to overcome the limitation of kalman and prediction method?
a. Time series
b. Average and tread term
c. Innovation model
d. None of the above
12) Which among the below mentioned types of redundancy exhibits maximum failure rate?
a. Cold standby
b. Warm or Tepid
c. Hot or Active
d. All of the above
13) Which among the following exhibits inversely proportional relationship with the reliability?
a. Production cost
b. Design and development cost
c. Maintenance and repair cost
d. All of the above
14) What is the failure cost of a product possessing reliability R=1?
a. Zero
b. Unity
c. Infinity
d. None of the above
15) What is /are the major purpose/s of using a bath tub curve?
a. To determine the capital maintenance in defense equipments.
b. To compute lifts in the distillation column
c. To decide the maintenance of equipment
d. All of the above
16) Which method prevents the operating condition that exceeds beyond 50% of the maximum rating in order to improve the system reliability?
a. Parts Improvement Method
b. Structural Redundancy
c. Effective & creative Design
d. Derating of components
17) Which type of availability deals with the probability of system operation and functioning at the requisite level in an ideal environment without any consideration of maintenance?
a. Inherent availability
b. Achieved availability
c. Operational availability
d. None of the above
18) What would be the composite failure rate of a system comprising one VLSI microprocessor with 6 SSI ICs and 10 resistors corresponding to the data given below?
Assume a single board system
PCB 2000 FIT
SSIC 70 FIT
R 20 FIT
VLSI microprocessor 600 FIT
a. 1250 FIT
b. 2400 FIT
c. 3220 FIT
d. 4520 FIT
19) What would happen, if an equipment possesses reliability and maintainability to the maximum extent in accordance to MTTR?
a. Failure rate is higher & downtime is longer
b. Failure rate is lower & downtime is longer
c. Failure rate is higher & downtime is shorter
d. Failure rate is lower & downtime is shorter
20) On which factors does the down-time of an equipment at the maintainability phase, depends
a. Design
b. Installation
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above
21) How is the reliability of a product specified?
a. Always less than 1
b. Always greater than 1
c. Always equal to 1
d. None of the above
22) Which type of maintenance is associated or concerned with an elimination of failures during the operational level of an equipment?
a. Preventive
b. Predictive
c. Breakdown
d. Capital
23) Which among the below mentioned parameters is/are associated with the quality of a device
a. Time & environmental conditions
b. Numerical value
c. Manufacturing of unit
d. All of the above
24) According to exponential law of reliability, the relationship between the reliability and the system failure due to consistency in occurrence of failure rate, can be generally expressed as _________
a. R = λt
b. R = -λt
c. R = e λt
d. R = e- λt
25) Which type of failures occur due to some major reason by terminating the functioning level for a long duration of time?
a. Initial failures
b. Early failures
c. Wear out failures
d. Catastrophic failures
26) Which stage of life-cycle associated with an electronic instrument plays a vital role in establishing a target figure for reliability in terms of specifications?
a. Design
b. Production
c. Storage & Transport
d. Operation
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